Plantar Facitis

Plantar Fasciitis
What Is Plantar Fasciitis? Plantar fasciitis is pain on the bottom of the heel that usually is felt on the first step out of bed in the morning or when walking again after resting from a walking or running activity. However, plantar fasciitis pain can, if it persists, soon be felt any time you are walking, running or jumping. Although the pain is mostly felt at the bottom of the heel, it can radiate down the entire bottom of the foot towards the toes. The Anatomy Of The Plantar Fascia The plantar fascia consists of dense bands of tissue deep below the skin that extend out in a fan like fashion from the heel bone to the toes. If you pull your toes and foot up towards your head, you will feel this tissue tighten. What Causes Plantar Fasciitis? Plantar fasciitis is thought to be caused by repetitive stretching of the tight bands of the plantar fascia which result in microtears in these bands as they arise from the heel. Because these tears don’t occur from a single traumatic event, they do not result in an immediate healing reaction, but instead result in chronic irritation or inflammation which increases with activity. A sudden weight gain may also increase stress to an otherwise normal plantar fascia. Pulling of the tight plantar fascia on the heel bone during activity can result in the formation of a bone spur off the tip of the heel bone at the origin of the plantar fascia tissue. This bone spur itself is not the cause of pain, but rather the result of chronic irritation to the bone caused by the stretching of the tight tissue. Treatment Tips Surgery is rarely necessary to treat plantar fasciitis. To decrease your pain and symptoms, you may want to:
Taping the heel and arch may also help. Custom shoe inserts may be needed to support the arch and the heel.
Increase the flexibility of the plantar fascia and calf muscles by doing stretching exercises. Tight calf muscles increase the stress on the plantar fascia and predispose you to plantar fasciitis.
Stretch the calf muscle as well as the plantar fascia by standing on a step with only the front of the foot supported on the step and the heel free. Hold onto the rail for support and then slowly lower your heels toward the lower step. You should feel this in the calf muscle and in the plantar fascia. Hold the stretch for a count of 10, then slowly return the heel to the level of the rest of the foot. Repeat slowly 10 times.
Massage the plantar fascia by rolling your foot over a round tube-like object with a diameter of 3 to 4 inches. A rolling pin works nicely for this stretch.
Strengthen the muscles of the foot and ankle that support the arch. One way to do this is to scrunch up a hand towel with your toes or use your toes to pull a towel weighted with a food can across the floor.
Warm up well before stretching. Cold tissues cannot stretch as effectively. After stretching, ice your heel for 20 to 30 minutes at the point of maximum tenderness to decrease any inflammation that may result from too vigorous a workout.
Take oral anti-inflammatory medications such as aspirin or ibuprofen to decrease the inflammation caused by the irritation of the plantar fascia and decrease your symptoms so that you can stretch and increase your flexibility. In some cases, your physician may recommend a prescription anti-inflammatory for you.
Try a night splint. These devices, prescribed by your physician, keep the foot flexed at 90 degrees instead of the typical relaxed foot position of toes pointed down that occurs during sleep. Wearing a splint may lessen the pain of the first step in the morning.
Massage the heel with a sports cream which may lessen symptoms. A variety of therapeutic treatments can also be administered by a physical therapist.
How To Prevent Plantar Fasciitis
Don't try running to lose weight after a rapid weight gain. Walk first, and stretch the muscles of the foot and calf to help condition your body before running.
Wear good, supportive shoes for your athletic activities.
Always warm up well and stretch before participating in sports.
Keep the muscles of your feet and ankles strong to support your arch.
Rest from activities that cause pain to the heel, ice and support the heel. Begin the appropriate exercises as soon as possible.
See your physician if pain persists despite these measures.
This Sports Tip is a joint endeavor of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine and the National Athletic Trainers Association to promote the health and safety of athletes. Copyright 1997 American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine